Anbytarforum

Särskilda ämnen & övrigt => Discussions in English => General questions => Ämnet startat av: George Lind skrivet 2022-01-19, 20:31

Titel: Help with translation from map of Brandstad 1798
Skrivet av: George Lind skrivet 2022-01-19, 20:31
Can anyone translate the highlighted text from the attached image.  This is a from a 1798 Brandstad map.

I think it says tax paying horse farm or half tax paying farm.  Which is correct?

https://historiskakartor.lantmateriet.se/arken/s/show.html?showmap=true&mapTypeSelected=false&mapType=&archive=LMS&nbOfImages=1&sd_base=lms2&sd_ktun=4c4d535f4c33302d343a31&aktid=L30-4%3A1

Thanks
George
Titel: SV: Help with translation from map of Brandstad 1798
Skrivet av: Klas Wallén skrivet 2022-01-19, 23:51
Hi George!

It is most certain a farm with a farmer who's interest (or perhaps in this case tax or profit) will pay for an officer's horse and equipment so it is hästhemman. What is strange is that of what I have seen such farms called hästhemman were not skattehemman but kronohemman, that is not self owned (skatte) but rented by the crown. The similar rusthåll could be skattehemman though so perhaps that is not strange anyway?

Regards

Klas
Titel: SV: Help with translation from map of Brandstad 1798
Skrivet av: George Lind skrivet 2022-01-20, 00:09
Thank you Klas for help me out.
George
Titel: SV: Help with translation from map of Brandstad 1798
Skrivet av: George Lind skrivet 2022-01-20, 00:27
Klas,
I am just wondering why would a farmer give his profits to support an officer's horse and equipment?
Does that mean that they toke care of the horse?
There are 3 names listed on this property.  Does that mean they all provided support?
I just want to understand this a bit better.
Thanks,
George
Titel: SV: Help with translation from map of Brandstad 1798
Skrivet av: Klas Wallén skrivet 2022-01-20, 00:57
Hi again!

A rusthåll was a farm that was a part of the allotment system. The farmer's (called rusthållare), duty to pay tax was transformed into paying for a horse and some other equipment for a cavalryman. Because of this the farmer did not risk to be ordered to war himself or even some of his children. The army payed for the weapon though. A hästhemman was normally a farm that the crown owned and rented it out to farmers who payed an interest. That interest was then used to pay for an officer's horse and some equipment. But because your text said Skatte hästhemman and not krono (crown) hästhemman I thought that it was then his normal tax to the King (for letting him own the farm and do whatever he wanted to do with it) that was transformed to pay for a horse. I am not sure though.

It is late now but tomorrow I might be able to take a look at the farm you mention and see. I think it was just one farmer that was responsible for the hästhemmanet but I am not sure.

Klas
Titel: SV: Help with translation from map of Brandstad 1798
Skrivet av: George Lind skrivet 2022-01-20, 02:19
Klas,
That does make more sense.   Thanks for generosity and taking the time to explain this.
George
Titel: SV: Help with translation from map of Brandstad 1798
Skrivet av: Jörgen Tollesson skrivet 2022-01-20, 10:07
Every farm's land-tax (räntan or jordeboksskatten in Swedish) was reserved (indelt) for a specific purpose. Some farms were so called rusthåll, that payed for a commom cavalryman (and in some cases in south-eastern Sweden a boatsman in the navy). Others were hästehemman, that payed for a cavalry officers horse. And the land-tax from other farms was used for other purposes in the military and the Civil Service. This goes for both privately owned farms (skatte) and farms owned by the Crown (krono). And then some krono farms were used as residence (boställe) for military officers and civil servants.

The rent that a farmer payed for renting a farm owned by the Crown is not a tax. However it is recorded in the same tax record (jordebok) as the land-tax, and therefore included in the total sum that was paid for that farm.
Titel: SV: Help with translation from map of Brandstad 1798
Skrivet av: George Lind skrivet 2022-01-20, 13:13
Jörgen,
Thank you for your help in explaining things more clearly.
George
Titel: SV: Help with translation from map of Brandstad 1798
Skrivet av: George Lind skrivet 2022-01-20, 13:58
Jörgen,

On the same map I see the following terms.  I am not sure what they mean?  I think they have to do with a hospital farm and clock residence.

hospitals hemman
klockareboställe

Thanks,
George
Titel: SV: Help with translation from map of Brandstad 1798
Skrivet av: Jörgen Tollesson skrivet 2022-01-20, 16:07
Hospitalshemman = A farm owned by a hospital.

Klockareboställe = A farm used as a residence for a klockare (bell-ringer/verger).
Titel: SV: Help with translation from map of Brandstad 1798
Skrivet av: George Lind skrivet 2022-01-20, 16:16
Jörgen
Thanks again for your help.
What exactly does "a farm owned by a hospital mean"?  Does that mean there is hospital on the farm or they produce food for the hospital?
Sorry for all the questions.
George
Titel: SV: Help with translation from map of Brandstad 1798
Skrivet av: Jörgen Tollesson skrivet 2022-01-20, 17:09
Hospitalshemman are ordinary farms, owned by a hospital and rented by farmers.

There was a hospital in the city of Lund already since the Middle Ages. It owned a lot of farms in Skåne and the income from the farms was used to run the hospital.
Titel: SV: Help with translation from map of Brandstad 1798
Skrivet av: George Lind skrivet 2022-01-20, 17:32
Jörgen,
Thank you for all your help.
George